Carbon Nitrogen List. C:N Ratios of Composting Materials.


Horse Manure

Many composting articles on blogs or other websites commonly refer to a carbon to nitrogen ratio, or simply C:N, that needs to be met for proper composting to occur. This is the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in a given material. They don’t always include a list though, so it can be hard to figure out what ratio your compost may have with materials you add to it. So I have compiled one for you so you don’t have to look all over the place like I did.

I would also like to make this list more authoritative by not simply reiterating what other blogs have stated, which seems like the norm. I instead went looking for credible sources for this list, sources like universities or government agencies. Sources that have information from what was likely a study on compost.

This is only a list though not an article, so if you want to learn more about the C:N ratio and why it is important you can read my article on compost here.

There are two lists below, one for nitrogen rich sources of compost feedstock and the other is a list of carbon rich feedstock. I have included some things more than once or at least it seems that way by the name. I did this only when the sources had very different results, and these differences may be due to location or some other factor I cannot think of at the moment. Different locations may have different material with similar names, or any number of combinations of factors that alter the C:N ratio.

This is a big list so if you are having trouble finding something, just remember to use “ctrl+f” to find what you are looking for. Just keep is simple, use a word like “poultry” not “organic free range chicken manure”.

Nitrogen Rich compost material

Compost Material C/N ratio Source
Manure – Beef – Feedlot With Bedding1.8:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Manure – Pig – Solids Separated From Slurry1.9:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Manure5-25:1Cornel University
Manure – Pig5-7:1University of Missouri
Sandy Loam (Fine)7:1Washington State University
Microorganisms8:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Humus10-11:1Washington State University, Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Manure – Poultry – Broiler breeder layer10:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Manure – Poultry – Fresh10:1University of Missouri
Grass Clippings12-25:1University of Missouri, Cornel University, Washington State University
Vegetable Scraps/Trimmings/Wastes12-25:1Cornel University, Washington State University, University of Missouri
Manure – Poultry- With Litter13-18:1University of Missouri
Manure – Sheep13-20:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Manure – Poultry – Turkey litter14:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Legume Grass Hay15-19:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Food Scraps15:1Washington State University
Manure – Poultry – Broiler litter15:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Manure – Dairy – Liquid slurry16:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Alfalfa18:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual, Washington State University
Manure – Dairy – Solid Manure Handling18:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Clover Hay20:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Coffee Grounds20:1University of Missouri, Cornel University
Manure – Cow20:1University of Missouri
Manure – Pig – Liquid Slurry20:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Manure – Rotted20:1Washington State University
Manure – Dairy – Solids Separated From Slurry23:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Manure – Barnyard25:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Manure – Horse – Fresh25:1University of Missouri
Sandy Loam (Coarse)25:1Washington State University
Oak Leaves26:1Washington State University
Manure – Horse – With Straw27:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Sewage Sludge28:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Manure – Horse – With Litter30-60:1University of Missouri
Autumn Leaves30-80:1Cornel University
Rye Grass30:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Leaves35-85:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development, Washington State University

Carbon rich sources for compost.

Compost Material C/N ratio Source
Leaves35-85:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development, Washington State University
Straw40-150:1University of Missouri, Cornel University, Washington State University, Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Straw – Oat48-98:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Peat Moss58-60:1Washington State University, Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Pine Needles60-110:1Washington State University
Corn Stalks60:1Washington State University, University of Missouri, Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Manure – Horse – With Shavings65:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Manure – Farm90:1Washington State University
Bark100-130:1University of Missouri, Cornel University
Straw – Wheat100-150:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Wood Chips or Sawdust100-500:1Cornel University
Paper127-200:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development, University of Missouri
Sawdust – Alder134:1Washington State University
Sawdust – Weathered 3 Years142:1Washington State University
Mixed Paper150-200:1Cornel University
Newspaper170:1Washington State University
Wood Chips – Sawdust200-500:1University of Missouri
Sawdust200-750:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development, University of Missouri
Woodwaste (Chips)212-1313:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Straw – Barley450:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Bark – Douglas Fir491:1Washington State University
Bark – Fir540:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual
Newspaper or Corrugated Cardboard560:1Cornel University
Carboard563:1Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development
Sawdust – Weathered 2 Months625:1Washington State University
Wood700:1University of Missouri
Sawdust – Redwood1020:1Introduction to Soil Science Laboratory Manual

I hope this helps any of you out there trying to find a good list of C:N ratios. It should really help when you are mixing materials together for composting. Now you don’t have to guess so much.

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